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Virtual Pediatric Hospital: Paediapaedia: Pneumonia, Viral Paediapaedia: Chest and Airway Diseases

Pneumonia, Viral

Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D.
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


Clinical Presentation:
Respiratory distress.

Etiology/Pathophysiology:
Respiratory syncitial virus is the most common cause in early life. Other causes include parainfluenza, adenovirus, and influenza viruses. Inflammation begins in the respiratory mucosa of the major bronchi and spreads transmurally and endobronchially into the adjacent interstitium as well as into the peripheral air spaces.

Pathology:
Not applicable

Imaging Findings:
Usually central in location. Hilar and vascular radiographic sharpness is lost due to bronchial wall thickening with peribronchial interstitial edema and inflammatory infiltrate. Due to the central airway involvement there is peripheral air trapping and hyperinflation. Patchy pulmonary densities can be seen and are usually due to subsegmental atelectasis.

DDX:

References:
See References Chapter.

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