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Virtual Pediatric Hospital: MetaTextbook of Pediatric Radiology: Gastrointestinal System MetaTextbook of Pediatric Radiology

Gastrointestinal System

Michael P. D'Alessandro M.D.
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Imaging Modalities | Normal Variants | Biliary System | Liver | Spleen | Pancreas | Pharynx and Esophagus | Stomach | Small Bowel | Colon | Miscellaneous

I. Imaging Modalities

| Paediapaedia |

A. Plain radiographs |

B. UGI/ SBFT

C. Enteroclysis

D. BE / air enema

E. US

F. CT

G. MR

H. ERCP

I. Nuclear medicine

II. Normal Variants

A. Embryology

B. Anatomy | Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation |

C. Miscellaneous

1. Normal abdominal film | Chiang Mai U |

III. Biliary System

A. Congenital

1. Biliary atresia | Paediapaedia | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 |

2. Neonatal hepatitis | Paediapaedia |

3. Choledocal cyst | Catholic University of Korea | Chiang Mai U - Caroli's Disease | Paediapaedia |

B. Acquired miscellaneous

1. Cholelithiasis (gallstones) | CERF - Acalculous Cholecystitis | U of Hawaii |

2. Hydrops of the gallbladder

IV. Liver

A. Infection

1. Abscess, hepatic (including chronic granulomatous disease of childhood) | CERF - Amebiasis | CERF - Echinococcal Cyst | CERF - Micro Abscesses |

2. Ascending cholangitis

B. Tumors and tumor-like conditions

1. Benign
a. Mesenchymal hamartoma, hepatic | CERF | Correlapaedia |

b. Hemangioendothelioma | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | Chiang Mai - 1 | Chiang Mai - 2 | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 1 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 2 | U of Alabama | U of Hawaii |

2. Malignant
a. Hepatoblastoma | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | Chiang Mai U |

b. Metastases, hepatic | CERF - Lymphoma | CERF - Wilms |

C. Trauma

1. Laceration, hepatic | CERF | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

2. Subcapsular hematoma, hepatic

3. Contusion, hepatic | CERF |

D. Portal hypertension

1. Cavernous transformation of the portal vein

E. Miscellaneous

1. Portal venous gas | Chiang Mai U - Necrotizing Enterocolitis | U of Hawaii - Necrotizing Enterocolitis |

2. Glycogen storage disease, hepatic (GSD)

3. Liver transplant

V. Spleen

A. Congenital

1. Abnormal visceroatrial situs (See Cardiovascular System III. E.)

2. Wandering spleen |

B. Neoplasms

1. Benign
a. Lymphangioma, splenic | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 |

2. Malignant
a. Lymphoma / leukemia, splenic

C. Trauma

1. Laceration, splenic | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 |

2. Contusion, splenic

3. Shattered spleen | CERF |

4. Subcapsular hematoma, splenic

D. Splenic infarction

1. Splenic infarction, sickle cell disease | BrighamRad |

VI. Pancreas

A. Congenital

1. Pancreas divisum

2. Cystic fibrosis (CF), pancreatic

B. Pancreatitis (and pseudocyst) | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 |

1. Trauma, pancreatic | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

2. Congenital anatomic abnormalities
a. Pancreas divisum (See above VI. A. 1.)

b. Choledocal cyst (See above III. A. 3.)

3. Familial pancreatitis

VII. Pharynx and Esophagus

A. Congenital and developmental anomalies

1. Atresia, esophageal (EA) and Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | CERF - 3 | Chiang Mai U | Children's Hospital, Birmingham | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

B. Inflammatory lesions

2. Retropharyngeal abscess / cellulitis | Chiang Mai U | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 1 | Virtual Pediatric Patients |

C. Trauma

1. Foreign body, esophagus | Paediapaedia | U of Hawaii - Esophagus | U of Hawaii - Stomach | U of Hawaii - Small Bowel |

2. Iatrogenic pharyngeal perforation (due to nasogastric (NG) or endotracheal (ET) tube)

D. Miscellaneous

1. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) | CERF - Hiatal Hernia - 1 | CERF - Hiatal Hernia - 2 | Paediapaedia |

VIII. Stomach

A. Congenital

1. Duplication, gastric

2. Antral web

B. Gastric outlet obstruction - acquired

1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) | Chaing Mai U | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 3 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 2 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 3 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 4 | U of Alabama | U of Hawaii | U of N. Carolina | WebPath |

C. Inflammatory

1. Corrosive ingestion, gastric

2. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), gastric

D. Miscellaneous

1. Bezoars

2. Spontaneous rupture of the stomach (neonates)

3. Volvulus, gastric | Children's Hospital, Birmingham |

IX. Small bowel

A. Congenital

1. Malrotation and midgut volvulus (including preduodenal portal vein) | CERF - Intermittent | CERF | Correlapaedia - 1 | Correlapaedia - 2 | Paediapaedia | U of Alabama | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 2 | U of N. Carolina | Virtual Pediatric Patients |

2. Duodenal, jejunal, and ileal stenosis and/or atresia
Atresia, duodenal | BrighamRad | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | CERF - Duodenal Diaphragm | Chiang Mai U | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia |

Atresia, jejunal | CERF - Jejunal | Chiang Mai U | Correlapaedia | Correlapaedia - Jejunal Web | Paediapaedia - Jejunal |

Atresia, ileal | CERF | Paediapaedia |

3. Annular pancreas

4. Meconium ileus | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 |

5. Meconium peritonitis | CERF | Paediapaedia | Pediatric Uroradiology Rounds | WebPath |

6. Mesenteric and omental cysts | Chiang Mai U | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

7. Duplication cyst, small bowel | CERF - Duodenal | CERF - Intestinal | CERF - Terminal Ileum | Correlapaedia - Duodenal |

8. Meckel diverticulum (including omphalo-mesenteric band) | BrighamRad | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 2 | WebPath |

9. Anterior abdominal wall defect
Omphalocele | BrighamRad | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 | WebPath - 3 |

Gastroschisis | Correlapaedia -1 | Correlapaedia - 2 | Paediapaedia | WebPath |

10. Hernias | Children's Hospital, Birmingham - Paraduodenal | Paediapaedia - Hiatal | U of Hawaii - Inguinal |

B. Neoplasms

1. Benign

2. Malignant
a. Lymphoma, small bowel | Chiang Mai U | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

C. Malabsorption

1. Cystic fibrosis, small bowel (CF) | CERF |

2. Cow's milk allergy

3. Intestinal lymphangiectasia |

D. Miscellaneous

1. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) | Chiang Mai U - 1 | Chiang Mai U - 2 | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 2 | WebPath |

2. Ischemic bowel

3. Intussusception | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | CERF - 3 | CERF - 4 | CERF - 5 | Chiang Mai U - 1 | Chiang Mai U - 2 | Children's Hospital, Birmingham | Correlapaedia -1 | Correlapaedia -2 | Paediapaedia | Radiology Central Resource | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 1 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital | U of Alabama | U of Hawaii | U of N. Carolina |

4. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)

X. Colon

A. Congenital

1. Imperforate anus | CERF | Children's Hospital, Birmingham | Correlapaedia - 1 | Correlapaedia - 2 | Paediapaedia |

2. Duplication, colonic | CERF - Cecal | Correlapaedia - Total Colonic |

3. Atresia, colonic | Children's Hospital, Birmingham |

B. Functional disorders

1. Hirschprung disease (Colonic aganglionosis) | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | Chiang Mai U | Correlapaedia | Correlapaedia - Total Colonic | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 1 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 2 | WebPath |

2. Meconium plug / neonatal small left colon syndrome | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | CERF - 3 | CERF - 4 | CERF - 5 | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

C. Infection / Inflammatory

Crohn | CERF - 1 | CERF - 2 | CERF - Fistula | CERF - Stenosis | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 1 | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital - 2 | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 | WebPath - 3 | WebPath - 4 | WebPath - 5 |

Ulcerative colitis | Paediapaedia | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 | WebPath - 3 | WebPath - 4 | WebPath - 5 | WebPath - 6 | WebPath - 7 | WebPath - 8 | WebPath - 9 |

Neutropenic colitis | Children's Hospital, Birmingham | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |
1. Appendicitis | CERF | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Radiology Central Resource | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 2 | U of Hawaii - 3 | WebPath - 1 | WebPath - 2 | WebPath - 3 | WebPath - 4 | WebPath - 5 |

D. Neoplasms

1. Benign

2. Malignant
a. Lymphoma, colonic |

XI. Miscellaneous

A. Lines and catheters

1. Umbilical arterial catheter (UAC) | Paediapaedia |

2. Umbilical venous catheter (UVC) | Paediapaedia |

B. Pneumoperitoneum (signs on plain radiographs) | CERF | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

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