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Virtual Pediatric Hospital: MetaTextbook of Pediatric Radiology: Cardiovascular System MetaTextbook of Pediatric Radiology

Cardiovascular System

Michael P. D'Alessandro M.D.
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed

Imaging Modalities | Normal Variants | Congenital Heart Disease | Acquired Heart Disease | Cardiac Operations

I. Imaging Modalities

| Paediapaedia |

A. Chest radiographs

1. Limitations

B. Angiocardiography | Paediapaedia |

1. Indications

2. Projections

C. Echocardiography

1. Standard views

D. CT (including ultrafast and helical)

E. MR

1. Indications

2. Anatomy

F. Nuclear cardiology

II. Normal Variants

A. Cardiac embryology | Cardiac Embryology | Development of the Human Heart |

B. Cardiac anatomy | Cardiac MRI Anatomical Atlas | Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation | Introduction to Cardiothoracic Imaging |

III. Congenital Heart Disease

A. Cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow (right-to-left shunt)

1. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) | Chiang Mai U | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia | U of Hawaii | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 5 | U of Minnesota CHD |

2. Ebstein anomaly | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Minnesota CHD |

3. Tricuspid atresia | Paediapaedia | Paediapaedia - Hypoplastic Right Heart | U of Kansas Cardiology | University of Minnesota CHD |

B. Cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt)

1. Truncus arteriosus | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Minnesota CHD |

2. Transposition of the great arteries | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia - D-TGA | Paediapaedia - L-TGA | U of Kansas Cardiology | U of Kansas Cardiology - D-TGA - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - D-TGA - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - D-TGA - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - D-TGA - 4 | U of Minnesota CHD - D-TGA | U of Minnesota CHD - L-TGA |

3. Single ventricle | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Minnesota CHD |

4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return above the diaphragm (TAPVR) | Chiang Mai U | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - Supradiaphragmatic - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Minnesota CHD |

5. Endocardial cushion defect (ECD) | CERF | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 5 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 6 | U of Minnesota CHD |

C. Acyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt)

1. Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 5 | U of Minnesota CHD |

2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Minnesota CHD |

3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | Chiang Mai U | Paediapaedia - 1 | Paediapaedia - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Minnesota CHD |

4. Endocardial cushion defect (ECD) (See above III. B. 5. )

D. Congenital heart disease with pulmonary venous congestion or normal pulmonary blood flow

1. Coarctation of the aorta | CERF - Abdominal | Paediapaedia - 1 | Paediapaedia - 2 | U of Hawaii | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - Interrupted - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - Interrupted - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - Interrupted - 3 | U of Minnesota CHD |

2. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Minnesota CHD |

3. Aortic stenosis (AS) | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 3 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 4 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 5 | U of Minnesota CHD |

4. Mitral stenosis (MS) | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 |

5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return below the diaphragm (TAPVR) | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology - Infradiaphragmatic - 1 |

E. Anomalies of viscero-atrial situs | Loyola U - Heart | Paediapaedia - Situs inversus | Paediapaedia - Situs solitus | U of Kansas Cardiology - Dextrocardia |

1. Asplenia | Paediapaedia |

2. Polysplenia | Paediapaedia | Children's Hospital, Birmingham |

F. Vascular rings and other congenital anomalies of the great vessels | U of Hawaii - Introduction |

1. Left arch with anomalous right subclavian artery | Paediapaedia | U of Kansas Cardiology |

2. Circumflex aorta (right aortic arch with left descending aorta) |

3. Pulmonary sling (anomalous left pulmonary artery) | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

4. Right aortic arch | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital |

5. Double aortic arch | Correlapaedia | Paediapaedia | Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital | U of Hawaii |

G. Syndromes with congenital heart disease or vascular disease

1. Holt-Oram syndrome

2. Marfan syndrome | CERF | CERF - Dissection | CERF - Bones | Chiang Mai U |

3. Turner syndrome

4. William syndrome

5. Down syndrome, cardiac (See above III. B. 5. )

6. Schone syndrome

H. Miscellaneous

1. Congenital absence of the pericardium

IV. Acquired Heart Disease

A. Infectious/Inflammatory

1. Pericarditis | U of Kansas Cardiology |

2. Myocarditis | U of Kansas Cardiology |

3. Rheumatic heart disease |

4. Kawasaki disease | U of Hawaii - 1 | U of Hawaii - 2 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 1 | U of Kansas Cardiology - 2 | Virtual Pediatric Patients |

V. Cardiac Operations

A. Palliative

1. Glenn shunt | U of Minnesota TF |

2. Blalock-Taussig shunt |

3. Waterston shunt

B. Operative repair

1. Norwood procedure |

2. Arterial switch procedure |

3. Fontan procedure |

4. Right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit procedure

C. Heart transplant

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